166.01. Ecology
http://www.cnaa.md/nomenclature/biology/030016/
Specialty passport:
Scientific field in which the scientific degrees is conferred:
Biology
Specialty formula:
Ecology (biological sciences) - field of science that studies the interaction of biological systems of all levels of organization (individual, population, biocenosis, ecosystem, biome, biosphere) with the environment in order to know the laws of this interaction, developing methods to optimize ecological conditions ensures the normal functioning of living systems, the conservation of biological diversity and the diminution of the negative influences of anthropogenic factors on the biosphere as a whole.
Research directions:
- The study of the biological systems interaction of different levels with environmental factors.
- Elaboration of theoretical bases and mathematical models for sustainable and ecologically harmless use of natural resources.
- Study and elaboration of methods for assessing the damage caused to the environment because of the normative exceedance regarding discharges and releases dangerous (toxic) for the environment and human.
- Elaboration of methods for restoration, stabilization and conservation of natural complexes.
- Elaboration of the scientific bases of the ecological security of the society (state).
166.02. Environmental protection and rational use of natural resources
http://www.cnaa.md/nomenclature/geography/110011/
Specialty passport:
Scientific field in which the scientific degree is conferred:
Geography, biology, agriculture, chemistry, technology
Specialty formula:
"Environmental protection and rational use of natural resources" is a synthetic geographical discipline that deals with the geosystem (geographical environment) aims to highlight its changes (natural, anthropogenic) in regional and global terms, tense geo-ecological situations, development of recommendations on protection environment, rational use of environmental resources, optimal organization of geographical space.
Research directions:
- Changes in the natural environment, its component elements (landscapes) generated by the action of natural and anthropogenic factors.
- Assessment of the current state of the landscapes basic components (relief, water, soil, vegetation, animal kingdom, climatic conditions, etc.) and their use as natural resources; highlighting geo-ecological situations; organization of geographical space.
- Protection of the environment, land diversity, natural and socio-economic resources from the destructive action of natural processes and human activities.
- Cartographic modeling of geo-ecological situations.
153.05. Meteorology, climatology, agro-meteorology
http://www.cnaa.md/nomenclature/geography/110009/
Specialty passport:
Scientific field in which the scientific degree is conferred:
Geography, agriculture.
Specialty formula:
"Meteorology, climatology, agro-meteorology" is the field of geographical science that deals with research and study of physical processes and phenomena that take place in the atmosphere and on the underlying surface; their influence on the development of plants and on the harvest of agricultural crops; the legitimacy of the formation of the climate, the topo-climatic regime and the multiannual dynamics of the meteorological elements; global and regional climate change.
Research directions:
- The physical state of the atmosphere of the concrete locality, the evaluation of the regional physical-geographical conditions and the estimation of their role in the formation of meteorological fields, climatic extremes, distributions in time and space of the climatic elements.
- Cartographic modeling of climatic, topo-climatic and agro-climatic resources.
- Evaluation of the degree of insurance of agricultural crops grown in physical-geographical regions with different humidity and heat, the degree of risk of placing plants on concrete land, etc.
The main branches of the specialty:
- Dynamic meteorology - studies the atmospheric circulation and thermal processes related to it, using the fundamental equations of hydrodynamics and thermodynamics.
- Synoptic meteorology - investigates the macro-processes of the circulation of the general atmosphere, in order to elaborate weather forecasts.
- Aeronautical meteorology - studies the atmospheric conditions for the purpose of air protection.
- Medical meteorology - studies the influence of atmospheric conditions on human health.
- Agro-climatology deals with the study of the effects of variations/changes in weather, climate, and their influence on the branches of the national economy.
- Urban climatology studies the influence of the city on the hydro-meteorological regime through its artificial active surface, the emissions of harmful substances in the atmosphere, etc.
- Microclimatology studies the variations registered by the meteorological elements in the lower air layer (usually below 2 m height) because of the direct influence, exerted by small, homogeneous portions of the underlying active surface.